1. Imbedded in target cell membrane; integral proteins/ glycoproteins; penetrate through membrane.
2. For protein & charged hormones (peptides or neurotransmitters)
3. 3 major groups: Serpentine = 7 transmembrane domains, Growth factor/cytokine = 1 transmembrane domain, Ion channels.
4. Nuclear Receptors
Nuclear proteins that usually act in pairs & bind to specific Hormone Recognition Elements (HREs) = sequences on the DNA in the promoter regions of target genes.
For small, hydrophobic molecules (steroids, thyroid hormones)
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